DMA15

Direct marketing, 1872 to the cookie

The ledger, opened at 1872

The mail got there first. Everything since has been a column added to it.

Rural Free Delivery began in 1896 and Parcel Post in 1913. Between them they carried a 500-page catalogue into farmhouses no shop could reach, and started a trade that has measured its own effect ever since.

A rural mailbox on its post at the end of a farm road, an adult letter carrier reaching in, the road running away into the distance behind

Rural Free Delivery, 1896: the box at the end of the road replaced the trip into town, and the catalogue came to the porch.Photo: Tolga Ahmetler / Pexels

1897

Catalogues · The featured piece

Five Hundred Pages by 1897

Vintage catalog engraving of a trapezoidal hammered dulcimer with strings and tuning pegs

Two editions a year and roughly 500 pages by 1897 — the page count was itself the competitive claim.

Photo: Searsdulcimer · Wikimedia Commons

A watch circular of 1888 became a bound book of roughly five hundred pages by 1897. The page count was the argument: to add fifty pages was to announce that a farm household need deal with nobody else.

1888The first watch circular
1897Roughly 500 pages, two editions a year
1993The general catalogue stops

Read the piece →

Montgomery Ward
Sears, Roebuck
L.L. Bean
Spiegel

Four houses working the same routes: 1872, 1888, 1912, and the instalment plan that undercut all three.

A 1970s telemarketing floor: a long row of adults at desks with headsets and paper scripts, shot down the line of the room

Somebody had to be at the other end of the toll-free number. The floor ran until the Do Not Call Registry in 2003.Photo: Ksenia Kartasheva / Pexels

One trade, four measurements

Each of these added a column that had not existed before it, and none of them replaced the one before.

All 31 pieces, by section →

  1. 1872Ward's printed price, in place of a shopkeeper's
  2. 1923The coupon, which made a response countable
  3. 1963The ZIP code, which gave the response a place
  4. 1994The cookie, which counted the approach as well